Pay Another Person Electronically for Free
A couple of friends owe me some money. How can they pay me?
Mail a check. This is the old fashioned way. We all know how it works. The stamps are not free, but pretty close. As the recipient, I have to make a trip to the bank or I put the check in a postage-paid envelope provided by Fidelity mySmart Cash account.
Online Bill Pay. They can set me up as a payee in their bank's online bill payment system. Their bank will send me a check. I deposit the check. For a one-off, it's an overkill. If it's recurring, it's easier for the sender than to remember to write and mail that check every month.
Is there a way to do it electronically? Because mailing a check and online bill pay are free to close to being free, paying electronically between friends and family also has to be free, or else it doesn't make much sense to do it.
If I were selling something to a stranger, it makes sense to use a third party and pay fees because that stranger wants to use a credit card and earn rewards. I will just factor the expected fees into my price. Between friends and family though, it's hard to imagine anyone is interested in paying fees. This article only covers options that are free.
Based on comments from indexfundfan and my own research online, I see four ways right now:
1. Intra-bank Transfer. Some banks allow their customers to transfer money to other customers of the same bank. It usually falls under the Transfer function in online banking.
Four of the top 10 banks in the U.S., Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Citibank and Regions, offer this service. As far as I can tell, they don't charge any fee to either the sender or the recipient.
Figure 1: Intra-bank transfer at Wells Fargo
2. ING Electric Orange. ING Electric Orange is a checking account by online bank ING Direct. If the sender uses ING Electric Orange, he/she can pay the recipient with an Electric Check. See Electric Check demo.
The recipient does not have to use ING. The recipient just needs to give the sender his/her bank account number and the routing number. I don't see an option to schedule the payment in advance or make it automatic. The recipient has to trust the sender enough to give the sender his/her bank account information.
3. PayPal. If the two options above don't work, the sender and the recipient can both join PayPal and link their bank account to their respective PayPal accounts. The sender only needs to know the recipient's e-mail address used with PayPal.
There is no fee to either party as long as (a) the sender uses existing balance in PayPal or a bank account as the source for the payment, and (b) the sender selects "Personal" not "Purchase" as the reason for the payment.
The sender cannot schedule the payment in advance or make it happen automatically every month. The recipient also has to manually transfer the received money from the PayPal account back to the linked bank account.
Figure 2: Send Money in PayPal
4. Revolution MoneyExchange. Revolution MoneyExchange (RME) works similarly to PayPal. Both the sender and the recipient must join RME and link their bank account to their RME account.
I don't have a RME account, but from what RME describes on its website, it looks like the sender must log in to RME twice: first add money from the bank account to the RME account; log in again after the transfer clears, and then pay the recipient using the money in the RME account. If that's the case, this two-step process is more cumbersome than PayPal's one-step process.
I don't see any scheduling or automatic options in the RME write-up either. The recipient also has to manually transfer the money back to the linked bank account.
Summary
| Requirement | Pay Now | Scheduling | Automatic | |
| Intra-Bank Transfer | Both parties use the same bank. | Yes | Maybe | Maybe |
| ING Electric Orange | Sender uses ING Electric Orange. | Yes | No | No |
| PayPal | Both parties use PayPal. Sender uses bank account to pay and selects "Personal" tab. | Yes | No | No |
| Revolution MoneyExchange | Both parties use RME. | Yes | No | No |
The requirement for both parties using the same bank makes intra-bank transfer not widely applicable. The ING Electric Orange's Electric Check feature looks great, but signing up with ING Electric Orange just for the sake of paying another person electronically is unrealistic. Requiring that the recipient trusts the sender with the bank account info can also be problematic. We are left with either online bill payment with paper checks or PayPal.
Isn't it amazing it's so difficult to pay another person electronically in the 21st century?
I speculated that the regulations on Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) are a contributing factor. Also, because the service has to compete with mailing paper checks, which is close to being free, the fact that banks can't make much money from the service is probably another reason.
A financial service software vendor CashEdge recently announced a new service called POPMoney, which enables electronic payments to another person inside online banking. It still has to be offered through the banks, because CashEdge does not deal with consumers directly.
It remains to be seen which banks will offer the POPMoney service and how much the banks will charge for it. If the service receives wide adoption by the banks and most banks don't charge for it, we will finally have a service that I think should've been available a long time ago. But there is no guarantee that it will be free. For example Bank of America already charges $3 today for each outgoing ACH transfer initiated from BofA. So does Chase (fee schedule, p. 2).
For more information about POPMoney, please read Money In The Bank? A look at CashEdge's POPmoney at Payments Views by Carol Coye Benson of Glenbrook Partners.
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Comments
5 Comments on Pay Another Person Electronically for Free
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Modder on June 29, 2009 |
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simplesimon on June 29, 2009 |
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calgeek on June 29, 2009 |
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Ted on June 30, 2009 |
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In Europe, direct electronic money transfers have been free and widely used for decades…
I use ING Direct's Electric Orange. I've only paid people two times with it. Once to pay my dad (who trusted me with his checking and routing numbers), and another time to a coworker who gave me his physical address so that ING can cut him a check (they mail it for free).
I think the former is the best way to do this. I guess the question is how safe is it to give out checking account and routing numbers? What can somebody do with just these two pieces of information? How can they make it less risky to give out this information?
simplesimon – Theoretically thieves can print checks with those numbers and pass those checks to stores, as in the movie Catch Me If You Can. How much risk is there? I don't know. Those numbers are printed on the bottom of our checks. Whether it's a real risk or not, the perception of risk makes people hesitant to give out those numbers. At least people want to avoid the hassle of reporting unauthorized debits, closing an account, opening a new one and setting up bill pay again.
People will feel more comfortable if the account can only be paid into, but not debited without authorization. PayPal does a good job at that. Anybody can pay into my PayPal account with only the equivalent of an account number, but nobody can take money out of it without my approval.
Businesses have whitelists for electronic debits on their bank accounts. Incoming debits can be automatically rejected unless the other party is pre-authorized on the whitelist. If consumers can have the same feature and get an alert when a debit comes in from a party not on the whitelist, giving out the account number and routing number will be less of a problem.
NetBanker reported one bank in Michigan offered this kind of service to retail customers for $4/month: Has Mercantile Bank cracked the code for generating online banking fees?
I used Bank of America billpay to pay an individual direct to their account by registering them as a business payee with an account number. I used his bank address as the business address and his checking account number as the billing account number. I tried this first with a small test deposit, and it worked no problem.
Yes, it's too bad that banks don't offer a deposit-only account number or disposable virtual account numbers (like some credit cards).
A friend of mine in another state recently needed money due to an emergency. After discussing various ways to get her money fast (wire, fedex, etc), I discovered she had a checking account with a bank that had a local branch. I went and got the cash out of my account and made a deposit directly to hers. It was done the same morning.
Tell me what you're thinking, but please don't spam. See comments moderation policy.
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