A mega backdoor Roth means making non-Roth after-tax contributions to a 401k-type plan and then taking the money out (with earnings) to a Roth IRA. It’s a great way to put additional money into your Roth IRA without having to pay much additional tax. Not all plans allow non-Roth after-tax contributions but some estimated that 40% of people can do it.
Suppose your plan allows it and you executed a mega backdoor Roth. You will receive a 1099-R from the plan in the following year. You will need to account for it on your tax return. It’s quite straight forward. Here’s how to do it in TurboTax Online. TurboTax desktop and other software should follow a similar process.
First the scenario:
You contributed $10,000 as non-Roth after-tax contributions to your 401k. By the time you requested a rollover to your Roth IRA, your contributions earned $100. You rolled over $10,100 to your Roth IRA.
Now the entries into TurboTax Online.
Add a new 1099-R. Enter the numbers as shown on the 1099-R form. Box 1 Gross Distribution is the amount you rolled over. Box 2a Taxable Amount is the earnings on your contributions. Box 5 Employee Contributions is the amount of your contributions. Box 7 should show a code G.
Say no when it asks you whether it was rolled over to a Roth 401k unless you actually rolled over within the plan as opposed to sending it to a Roth IRA.
Now say yes.
Confirm that you made after-tax contributions to your plan.
Confirm the amount of your contributions. The number is already filled in from Box 5 of your 1099-R.
Not a public safety officer, unless you actually are one.
Did not move it back.
That’s it. You can confirm that you will only pay tax on $100.
Under Tax Tools on the left, click on Tools.
Then View Tax Summary.
Preview my 1040 on the left.
Scroll down to line 4. Line 4a includes the $10,100 gross distribution amount. Line 4b only includes the $100 taxable amount. With a mega backdoor Roth, you got extra $10k into your Roth IRA. After paying tax on this $100, the future earnings on the $10,100 going forward will be tax free.
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Sangeeta says
Hi Harry,
Thanks a lot, you are a wonderful and knowledgeable teacher. But here you have mentioned only @ 401K plan –Mega door if it allows. While you were on vacation I had left you a question on another link on your spreadsheet calculations for Business income Mega door Roth amount.I am still waiting for an answer on that.
Thanks
Harry Sit says
Sangeeta – I answered it there.
Shane says
Hi Harry,
How does this work if you want to split the after tax contribution from the earnings so the after tax amount goes to Roth IRA and the earning goes to Traditional IRA?
Thanks.
Harry Sit says
You get two 1099-Rs.
Brian says
Problem is when you roll your after-tax contributions to a Roth IRA and after-tax gains into a Solo 401k.
Turbo treats the gains as taxable and puts them into 16b.
Any solution for this?
Brian says
Also:
Fidelity only sent one “combined” 1099-R. I had extensive discussions with Fidelity and they claim this is correct. Fidelity claims it’s a Turbo issue.
The gains are a non-trivial amount of money, since I just quit my job and had gains from many years of after-tax contributions.
Harry Sit says
Try entering the 1099-R as two, one for the amount gone into Roth and another for the amount gone into traditional.
Brian says
Good idea. As long as the IRS computers aggregate all of my 1099-Rs and match against an aggregation of all of my 5498s, it will be correct (if they try to match one-for-one, it will get kicked out as not matching).
Thanks TFB, I’ll give that a shot.
I like that idea much better than Turbo’s suggestion that I alter Box 5.
Hongyan says
Hi Harry,
When I transferred my after-tax 401k to my Roth IRA account, they made a mistake and put my money into my traditional IRA account instead of my Roth IRA account. Then I transferred it to my Roth IRA account. Therefore I received two 1099-R with same amount of money (one from the 401k institution, and the other from the IRA brokerage firm). Based on your Turbotax walkthrough, what differences should I do to make sure both 1099-R are covered? Thank you very much!
Harry Sit says
It would’ve been best to correct the mistake when it happened as opposed to letting it stand and building up on the mistake.
Now, it depends on who made the mistake and how exactly you transferred the money to your Roth IRA. If the 401k provider processed your request to rollover to a Roth IRA as a rollover to a traditional IRA, which matched what actually happened, AND you did the transfer as a recharacterization (not a conversion), you don’t have any problems. You just enter two 1099-Rs separately. If you did the transfer as a conversion AND you don’t have other traditional, SEP or SIMPLE IRA that creates a pro-rata issue, you also don’t have any problems. If you did the transfer as a conversion AND you do have other traditional, SEP or SIMPLE IRA, you run into a pro-rata issue which makes you pay tax on the conversion.
If the 401k provider processed it correctly as a rollover to a Roth IRA but your IRA provider deposited the money into a traditional IRA, you have a mismatch between paper and reality. If you subsequently did the transfer as a conversion, you have a potential issue with paying tax twice. The 401k provider’s 1099-R says you should pay tax because you rolled over to Roth. The IRA provider’s 1099-R says you should pay tax because you converted from traditional to Roth.
See Traditional and Roth IRA: Recharacterize vs Convert.
Hongyan says
Hi Harry,
Thank you so much for the detailed response! My 401k provider somehow did not include my roth IRA account number when sending the check to the IRA provider so the IRA provider intuitively deposited the check into my traditional IRA. The transfer from traditional IRA to Roth IRA is done as a conversion (without pro-rata issue). May I ask how do I find out whether the 401k provider processed the check correctly as a rollover to a roth IRA or not? The 1099-R they sent to me has code G in box 7. Does it mean they did it correctly?
So if my case creates the “mismatch between paper and reality” situation, what can I possibly do? Sorry for my multiple questions and thank you for your patience and help!
Harry Sit says
If the 1099-R from the 401k provider looks like the one in this post, with a small taxable amount in box 2a and your after-tax contribution in box 5, the 401k provider did it correctly. It would be rare to have two mistakes on top of each other and end up matching the reality. Although the check didn’t include your Roth IRA account number, it likely included the word ‘Roth’ there. Contact your IRA provider and ask for a copy of that check. If it had the word ‘Roth’, that’s your proof the IRA provider made the mistake and it gives you reason to ask them to correct that mistake. In order to correct it, they may ask you to recharacterize your conversion first, which makes the money go back to the traditional IRA. Then the IRA provider can do whatever is necessary on their end to move it into the Roth IRA again the right way, where it should’ve landed in the first place.
Hongyan says
Hi Harry,
Thank you. I called the IRA provider and they only claims that they will send out form 5498 in May to show that the distribution amount in their 1099R is from a rollover, which should “offset” the taxable amount. I don’t know whether it is true and it did not help me with my tax return using turbotax at this moment either. I think I might go to a CPA instead.
Harry Sit says
It’s not true. Get the copy of that rollover check and show them they put it in the wrong account. Get them to correct it. A CPA won’t help if the IRA provider doesn’t correct it because the CPA can’t change reality. A CPA can help you with the paperwork to report the reality only *after* the IRA provider corrects it.
Harry Sit says
Also try contacting your 401k provider to see if they can send you a copy of that rollover check.
Hongyan says
Hi Harry,
Thank you for all the advice. I really appreciate it! It turned out the 401k provider forgot to mention anything about my Roth account. I will try to go to my IRA provider tomorrow and talk to them one more time to see if any correction is possible. My distribution is about 7k and double tax means paying ~2k more for me!!
Harry Sit says
In that case ask your 401k provider whether they can redo your 1099-R to make it a rollover to traditional because they didn’t mention anything about Roth to the receiving end. When they do a rollover to Roth they are supposed to say Roth.
Hongyan says
Hmm, it sounds quite doable. I will definitely try it tomorrow. But I guess I am still a little confused. After the 401k provider redo the 1099R to make it a rollover to traditional IRA, I assume this 1099R will not make me pay tax at all (for the entire distribution including the small amount of earnings, is it correct?). But for the 1099R from IRA provider, how do I make sure I only get taxed on the small earnings? This 1099R from IRA provider looks exactly like the one you would get by doing backdoor Roth as shown in your post “How To Report Backdoor Roth In TurboTax”.
Another question is, in this case can I still use turbotax for tax return or I will have to find a CPA to get it done properly?
Thank you.
Harry Sit says
Correct. The only difference is box 2a will show 0 for a rollover to traditional. You just enter the two 1099-Rs independently. On the IRA conversion one when it asks you about your basis, you put in the number in box 5 from the 401k 1099-R. TurboTax can still do it.
Hongyan says
Hi Harry,
I see. I think this will solve the problem. Thank you Harry for all the advice and quick response!
Future Proof MD says
Thanks Harry, great post! I have a question regarding my SEP IRA account. Do I have to “hide” that balance when performing a Mega Backdoor Roth IRA from my 403b account? In other words, do I trip the pro-rata rule if I have a SEP IRA when doing a Mega Backdoor Roth conversion?
Harry Sit says
Not if you go directly from 403b to Roth IRA. You trip it when you make an interim stop at a traditional IRA.
Rose says
Thank you for this great visual explanation!
I have a question about the step which asks for the after-tax contributions. In 2017 I contributed about $15k after-tax, but since my plan only allows quarterly in-plan Roth conversions I ended up only being able to rollover $12k to my Roth 401k, which is what is listed on my 1099-R in box 5. Do I keep this $12k as listed since that was what actually went into my Roth 401k, or list what my actual after-tax contributions were during 2017 ($15k)?
Thanks again!
Harry Sit says
Only the $12k as shown on your 1099-R. Please note for an in-plan rollover to Roth 401k you would answer ‘Yes’ to the question after the 1099-R entries and follow from there. The screens aren’t the same as a rollover to a Roth IRA shown here.
Sachin K says
Thank you for this detailed post. I did this for 2016 returns and did not see a Form 8606 being prepared by TurboTax. Is Form 8606 necessary in this case? If yes then probably I need to amend my 2016 returns.
Harry Sit says
You don’t need a Form 8606 when you go from the plan directly to the Roth IRA.
Hari S says
Thank you for the excellent articles on this site! It has really helped me learn a ton!
Back in 2016, when I first made the after-tax contributions to my 401k (about $5k), I wasn’t entirely sure on how to do the traditional/roth conversions – so I got scared and simply requested a withdrawal and encashed the check received. I didn’t have any earnings/losses from this – so I thought “since I had already paid taxes on the contributions (they are after tax contributions after all), there was nothing here for me to report on form 1040” – so I left boxes 16a and b on form 1040 blank. However, I just received a notice from the IRS yesterday, showing this $5k amount as taxable and ordering to pay back taxes of $2k. However, the 1099-R clearly shows the $5k in boxes 1 and 5 and box 2a shows $0. Is it enough for me to simply fax this copy of my 1099-R to them to remove the charge? Or do I need to offer more explanations? Or do I really owe taxes? FWIW, I am much much younger than 59.5 years.
Appreciate everything that you do!
Hari
Harry Sit says
You don’t really owe taxes. Call the number on the notice and ask them what they need. They will probably want a written explanation.
Hari S says
Called them up, they said all they want is the 1099-R’s showing the $0 in box 2a.
Peter says
My employer allows me to split my conversion sending earnings via trustee to trustee transfer to my traditional IRA. However, they insist on direct depositing the original contribution into my checking account. I then send the funds to Vanguard with a letter of explanation. For the traditional portion I receive a 1099-R with a distribution code G. All is good. But for the portion I send to my Roth (original non-Roth after tax contributions) I receive another 1099-R with a distribution code of 1 (early distribution with no know exception). Is my employer reporting this correctly?
walle says
Hello,
Please help. I am doing this exactly as shown. I transferred some 15k to Roth from my employers after tax account. The 1099B shows no tax withheld with box 1 matching box 5 and box 7 has code G.
After I answer yes to contributing on a After Tax basis to my 401k and confirm the amount on the next page my tax owed goes very high. I think they are taxing this 15k. Dont know what to do here now…! 🙁
Harry Sit says
If Box 5 matches Box 1 exactly, put 0 in Box 2a instead of leaving it blank.
Walle says
That was it! I figured it out by trial and error but you are correct, I was leaving it blank. My 1099R does have a zero so it was just me. Blank does not mean zero 🙂 Thank you for confirming and your post; it has been very helpful!
greg says
Just wanted to say thanks for the very detailed walk through.
first time reporting it and I found it a little confusing.
the “unless” bits helped greatly and the 1040 example was perfect.
Thank you.
Michelle says
Hi Harry – thank you so much for the visual explanations! I have some questions regards to 1099R forms. Sorry in advance for a long comment.
I received 2 1099Rs from Fidelity, which is my 401k provider and which I have Roth IRA with (do not have a TIRA). In 2018, I did both Mega backdoor Roth and Roth in Plan Conversion. After reading your post, I think Fidelity might have incorrectly filled out 1 of 2 1099Rs.
1) This 1099R is for the Roth in Plain conversion and I think this is correct
Box 1 15,300
Box 2a 89
Box 5 15,211
Box 7 code G
2) I think this 1099R is for mega backdoor
Box 1 10,896
Box 2a 0
Box 5 10,496
Box 7 code H
Q1. Shouldn’t box 2a be 400 (10,896-10,496) since earning is taxable for mega backdoor?
Q2. Also, should the code be G, not H according to your explanations above? (But H is a direct rollover from a designated Roth account distribution to a Roth IRA so that also sounds right…)
Q3. Form 5498 I received has different rollover contribution (12,095) from above numbers on 1099R. Is this correct?
Could you be able to tell if I received correct 1099Rs? Thank you very much!
Harry Sit says
A “designated Roth account” is the official name for what we usually call a Roth 401k. If you distributed from the Roth 401k account to the Roth IRA, that explains why box 2a is zero. If you distributed from the non-Roth after-tax account, code H is wrong, and box 2a should be box 1 minus box 5. I have no idea why the number on the 5498 is different.
Ryan says
This article was exactly what I was looking for! Even years after it was written, it’s still helping people. I’ve just started after-tax contributions to my 401k and plan on rolling over to my roth IRA; however, with the recent market activity, I would be doing it at a loss (just a couple hundred dollars). If I were to roll over now, would the loss be reported on the 1099-r and could be applied to compensate other short-term gains?
Thank you!
Harry Sit says
The loss will not be reported on the 1099-R. Some 401k administrators retain the loss within the 401k. If your next rollover has a gain, it can be offset by the loss. Some administrators simply treat the loss as zero gain. Because the assets can lose value again after you roll over, you are not any worse off by rolling over now versus if you had rolled over a month ago.
Ryan says
Got it. Thank you for your response. Very much appreciated!
Leah says
Hi Harry, this is exactly what I’m looking for! Just one quick question: I have both pre tax 401K and after tax 401K under the same plan and my plan allows in service distributions, when I convert after tax 401k to Roth IRA, do I have to follow pro-rated rule to recalculate taxable portion vs non-taxable portion? Or it’s just like that all after tax contributions are non-taxable income and earnings are taxable? Thank you in advance!
Harry Sit says
Most plans allow you to request in-service distribution only from the after-tax account. Make sure you make that crystal clear in your request. In that case, the pro rata rule is only applied within the after-tax account: earnings will be distributed together with after-tax contributions. The after-tax contributions are non-taxable and the earnings are taxable. However, some plans require pro-rated distribution across both pre-tax and after-tax accounts. They are rare but they still exist. You have to find out how your plan operates.